Camponotus fedtschenkoi is a monogynous ant species with a colony size of around 4000 workers. Its development speed is considered medium. The queen measures 12-14mm, workers range from 5-9mm, and majors measure 10-15mm. Workers and soldiers are typically yellow in color, but some soldiers may have a black head or both a black head and chest. Queens have a black or brown head and breast with a yellow belly.