Pheidole spathifera is a polygynous ant species with colony sizes of up to 10,000 workers. They have a fast development speed and range in size from 7-9 mm for the queen, 3-4.5 mm for workers, and 4-7 mm for majors. They are reddish brown with a dark abdomen and require a diet of insect food, syrup, fruit, vegetables, jelly, and cooked chicken.