The Cataglyphis iberica is a polygynous ant species with colonies that can contain up to 5000 individuals. They have a very fast development speed. The ants vary in size, with the queen measuring 9-12 mm, workers measuring 4-11 mm, and majors measuring 8-12 mm. They have a black abdomen, back, and head that is dark red in color. Their nutrition consists of insect food, syrup, fruit, vegetables, and jelly.